In appearance no relation to the great loan

How many For what use At what rate Indexed on what Endorsed how Advantage to that Finally, appropriate or not The questions raised by the borrowing that will start the French Government are always the same. Legitimate concerns: the folder is public finances as private interests and affects the economy as a whole. However, malaise settled: 82 of the French State not be not interested, while it is an important issue for the country.

At the same time, the debate is getting worse on national identity. In appearance, no relation to the great loan. Although... Looking more carefully, can be discerned between these two files, a possible link which has not yet come to light. It passes by the concept of borrowing, which has as a characteristic first to double-sided. On the financial side, the rule that is the return of the borrowed money. On the cultural side, is the integration that dominates. Explain we...

When we talk about borrowing in the field of loans of money, the basic mechanisms involve temporality, confidence, guarantees, contracts. But, as noted by Kant, essentially relies on the return of the money borrowed. It is not only legal obligation, but also to moral. Imagine that my lender is dead, my debt to him ignored all his heirs from want... in I not least, imperative, the duty to honour the original agreement and, therefore, to make what I borrowed. For Kant, the justification of this duty is purely rational: it is to preserve the universality of the rule. By definition, what was borrowed must be made, if not the very idea of borrowing would collapse and the character of my decision also.

Outside the financial domain, on the other hand, thousand uses of the concept of borrowing does assume no that what has been borrowed must be returned. Thus, when a language borrows words from another, is obviously not question to make them. Who would think of return "Bazaar" in Arabic, or "bistro" in Russian These terms have become all that there are more French! Innumerable borrowings from one culture to another - music, graphics, literary, culinary, clothing, etc. - assume hybridizations, integrations, métissages, mergers. Each time, the loan must be somewhat reinvented, transformed, to be integrated into a new whole.

When this is not the case, the borrowed item will be plated, close to the disguise, the mask of the seeming. This relationship of identity element borrowed - that enrich it either conceals it - is a crucial philosophical question. Be forthcoming, authenticity or artifice, true name or alias, normal ways or gestures borrowed..., it is each time exchange between what we are and what are the other. This movement of thousand borrowed elements built and feed individual or collective identities.

The French are therefore invited at the same time in the weeks and months to come, to agree to a loan for their economic future and to speculate on what they have borrowed to others to build. Apparently disjunct, these two news are deeply related. First, because the problems form a circle: the great loan intended for hand strengthening a sense of identity, cohesion of the country and a mobilization for growth, is obviously need to function effectively, that these elements are already there. On the other hand, because discomfort is noticeable in the debates, overlapping and confused, about one subject as on the other. The issue of the loan - in all its meaning - is therefore largely discussions on the interest rate or the tax exemption. Far from being technical, it affects our place in the world - more than ever changing.